Emory University School of Medicine

Allied Health Professions 1997-1999

Physical Therapy

Division of Physical Therapy
Center for Rehabilitation Medicine
1441 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30322
(404) 712-5657
fax (404) 712-5895
email: sranen@emory.edu


Program Director P. A. Catlin, Ed.D.

Professors P.A. Catlin, Ed.D., S. Wolf, Ph.D.

Associate Professors J. Banja, Ph.D., A. Greenspan, Dr.P.H., R. Segal, Ph.D.

Assistant Professors J. Bridgeford, M.A.C.T., Z. Kapasi, Ph.D., J. Morgan, M.Ed., P. Nichols, M.S., L. Riolo, Ph.D.

Instructors S. Freed, M.M.Sc., B. Greene, M.M.Sc., B. Greenfield, M.M.Sc., N. Humberstone, M.M.Sc., R. Nyberg, M.M.Sc., M. Wooden, M.S.

Instructors (Clinical) P. Bridges, M.M.Sc., P. Buttram, B.S., N. Byrd, M.S., S. Callaway, B.S., B. Carroll, M.S., S. Clark, M.S., D. Everett, M.A., S. Kraus, B.S., J. Kreutz, B.A., E. Martin, B.S., S. Thompson, B.S., M. Travis, B.S., J. Winfree, M.Ed., A. Wyatt, M.M.Sc.

MASTER OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM

The master of physical therapy (M.P.T.) degree program is a component of the Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. A professional, physical therapy curriculum was first offered by the Division of Physical Therapy in 1975 as a post-baccalaureate certificate program and then changed to the professional level master of physical therapy degree program in 1983. The Division of Physical Therapy includes educational, research, and clinical programs. The mission of the division is presented below with objectives and curriculum information for the master of physical therapy degree program.

Mission

The mission of the Division of Physical Therapy is to create an environment that facilitates the health, growth, and education of patients, students, and faculty through the exploration and implementation of innovative concepts and models in the field of movement science applied with a concern for human values. The Division of Physical Therapy is committed to proactive, caring leadership in the pursuit of excellence in scientific inquiry and in the application of scientific principles that allow optimal function in clients of all ages and levels of ability. The students and faculty will pursue independent thought and learning over a lifetime, and experience the intrinsic rewards of individual effort and of membership in the physical therapy profession and in local, national, and international health care and scientific communities.

Objectives

The master of physical therapy degree program is designed to:

  1. Provide study and competence in promoting optimal human movement and function based on the biological, behavioral, physical, and medical sciences, including:

    a. Understanding and applying concepts and principles of movement science.
    b. Using critical thinking and problem solving in planning, implementing, and assessing both clinical and scientific practices.

  2. Prepare proactive leaders in the multifaceted roles of clinician, educator, researcher, and administrator in individual, group, and community contexts.
  3. Model and instill the values that promote professionalism and caring.
  4. Facilitate student commitment to independent thinking and lifelong learning and to student realization of the intrinsic rewards of these attributes.

Students obtain basic competencies essential for physical therapy practice and for developing leadership skills within the profession. In addition, students in the M.P.T. program conduct a research project and study in advanced specialized areas.

The practical application of physical therapy skills is based on a concept of health care with three major characteristics. First, the welfare of the client is the basis of health care. Second, health care is dynamic, and changes are constantly being made to incorporate advances in methods and in delivery of care. The scope of health care today includes the promotion of health and an emphasis on rights and responsibilities of clients. Third, the quality of health care depends on the extent to which the needs of the individual client are met. Optimal, functional movement is the goal of physical therapy.

Students develop competencies in the entry-level program using the problem-solving process to demonstrate expertise in applying a theoretical framework of basic, behavioral, social, and medical sciences to: (1) participation in planning, implementing, and evaluating the teaching/learning process; (2) provision of physical therapy therapeutic services; (3) an active recognition of the rights and dignity of the individual in planning and administering programs of care; (4) use of basic principles of research in critical analysis of concepts and findings generated by self and others; (5) participation in the administration of a defined physical therapy service; and (6) consultation with others for the purpose of providing comprehensive care.

The educational program promotes attainment of the foregoing competencies in the following ways. First, the problem-solving approach is used to identify and affect the needs of the client and of the health care system. The physical therapist identifies and resolves health care problems through program planning that relates to an individual client, a specialty area, and the total health care system. This problem solving requires consideration of the theoretical framework of medical science and psychosocial areas, as well as use of process skills relating to the practice of physical therapy. In each of the above contexts, the physical therapist identifies a need and alternative program plans for meeting that need, selects the most appropriate plan, implements the plan, and then evaluates and modifies the plan as necessary. The physical therapist, other health workers, the client, and the health care system are all involved and must be considered in solving specific movement problems.

Second, the teaching/learning process is demonstrated and applied in all contexts. The learning process is presented as it applies to the student's own learning, both during and after completion of the program. Continued learning is stressed as essential to staying abreast of recent findings and theory related to client care.

Third, the physical function or dysfunction of the client and/or the use of therapeutic measures to improve function is the physical therapist's area of expertise. Generally, physical therapists are specialists in motor behavior, which encompasses the neuromusculoskeletal, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems. The theoretical bases in the medical sciences for this area of expertise include human growth and development, clinical evaluation measures, therapeutic procedures, and health services management. Knowledge and skills in these areas are naturally sequenced, i.e., birth to aging, function to dysfunction, and general to specific. Learning in the content areas is integrated--classroom experiences with clinical experiences, and content areas with process skills.

Fourth, an active recognition of the rights and dignity of the client is emphasized in all aspects of the program.

Finally, in addition to skills discussed above, skills relating to research, administration, and consultation are observed and practiced by the student in both the clinic and the classroom.

The master of physical therapy curriculum is approved and accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy, 1111 North Fairfax Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, 704-706-3245. Graduates are eligible to take the licensing examination required for the practice of physical therapy.

Admission Requirements

Admission requirements are reviewed and revised annually. Applicants should verify current requirements with the Division of Physical Therapy and should be sure to use the current application materials. The following requirements must be satisfied for admission:

  1. Applicants must hold a baccalaureate degree from an accredited college or university.

  2. Applicants must submit official transcripts from all institutions of higher education attended; a completed application form; GRE scores (institutional code 5196); a brief written statement to include professional goals, perception of the role of physical therapy, and a brief autobiographical sketch; and recommendation forms completed by three references, which should include a physical therapist familiar with the applicant's suitability for the profession, an undergraduate or graduate adviser, an instructor in a major field, or an employer. Minimum grade point average (2.8 on a 4.0 point system) and GRE score (1500 total of three areas) are required. All of the above material except the GRE scores should be submitted together by the applicant in one envelope. Instructions for submitting material are detailed in the application.

  3. Applicants must have successfully completed a three-semester-hour equivalent course in human anatomy within five years of matriculation. The anatomy course must include a lecture component on human anatomy and a laboratory requiring either dissection of mammalian specimens or study of prosected mammalian specimens. Topics that must be covered include structures of the following systems: musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and the peripheral nervous systems. Also, study of the gastrointestinal system is recommended.

  4. Applicants must have successfully completed a three-semester-hour equivalent course in human or mammalian physiology within five years of matriculation. The physiology course must be accompanied by laboratory studies. If a laboratory is not offered with the physiology course, a biology laboratory may substitute for the laboratory requirement providing the biology laboratory includes the appropriate content. The physiology course or the biology laboratory course should cover all the following topics, although four of the five topics are acceptable: cell structure and function; cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive function; excretory function; and reproduction and development.

  5. Applicants must have successfully completed a course in statistics within three years of matriculation. The course(s) should cover nonparametric and parametric statistics, including analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance. Use of statistical techniques with data sets, interpretation of statistical results and computer interaction in data analysis are strongly recommended.

  6. Applicants must have successfully completed four semester hours in physics within five years of matriculation. The course(s) should include a laboratory and should cover mechanics, sound, light, wave motion, heat, electricity, magnetism, and nuclear physics. The course does not have to be calculus-based. Enrollment in more than one physics course may be necessary to obtain the above content.

  7. Applicants must have experience using the following computer applications: word processing, communications, database, and statistics. Experience may be gained through formal computer courses or practical experience with the above applications.

  8. Applicants in the final stage of admission screening are asked to complete supplemental tests and undergo a formal interview.

  9. Preference is given to applicants with practical experience in physical therapy and health care. Such experience may be in a variety of settings and should be of sufficient length to have given the applicant exposure to a variety of problems encountered by ill or handicapped persons.

  10. Preference is given to applicants showing academic achievement in the biological, physical, and social sciences; courses should be above the introductory level and may have been taken at the baccalaureate or post-baccalaureate level. Although no specific course prerequisites are required, the student should seek academic preparation that assists in developing skills necessary to integrate problem solving with the study of sciences, provides knowledge necessary to succeed in science courses within the professional curriculum, and promotes an understanding of human interactions, specifically those interactions with ill or handicapped persons. Courses that could satisfy completion of emphasis areas may include, but are not limited to, biological science (vertebrate anatomy, physiology, biology, zoology, microbiology, genetics, embryology); physical science (chemistry, physics, mathematics); and social science (psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy).

  11. Applicants are evaluated for selection on the basis of probable academic success in the curriculum; experience in and knowledge of the profession of physical therapy; and personal attributes such as maturity and effective interaction with people.

  12. Applicants must be approved by the admissions committee and faculty

  13. Compliance with the technical standards of the Division of Physical Therapy.

  14. Enrollment is limited and competitive; all qualified applicants may not be admitted. To be considered for fall admission, all application materials must be received no later than the preceding November 15th.

TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Applicants must possess certain skills in order to master the educational content of the physical therapy program at an acceptable level of performance within the time frames both provided in the curriculum and required for professional competence. These skills are needed to improve or maintain patient health by preventing and/or alleviating disability and improving independence of function; to achieve goals of physical therapy care that engage the greatest possible degree of patient motivation and cooperation within resource constraints; and to provide for periodic revision and appropriate discontinuation. This regimen should be appropriate to the patient's progress and physical and psychosocial status. All professional service must be provided in a manner that assures safety of clients, professionals, and technical staff.

Skills fundamental to the physical therapy profession and curriculum include:

These skills require that applicants have the abilities to meet technical standards established for this program. They are:

I. Participate in all phases of the educational program within the required time frame, including demonstrating comprehension of all classroom, clinical, and any other required learning experiences through performance and/or examination in order to:

A. Acquire all the specific skills and experiences necessary to successfully complete the physical therapy program and become eligible for licensure.

B. Apply basic principles of the scientific method in reading and interpreting professional literature, performing research, and critically analyzing new concepts and findings provided by others. Components of the scientific method include:

  1. Identifying a professional problem or question.
  2. Critiquing and synthesizing current theory related to the problem.
  3. Integrating the relationship between current theory and the problem.
  4. Generating an hypothesis and variables related to the hypothesis.
  5. Devising a research protocol to test the research hypothesis.
  6. Determining the resources required to perform the proposed research procedures.
  7. Presenting a written research proposal.
  8. Carrying out the protocol for purposes of collecting data.
  9. Basing the interpretation of data collected on current theory.
  10. Integrating the results into clinical practice or knowledge base.
  11. Presenting the results in written and verbal formats.

C. Apply basic theoretical concepts in designing, implementing, and evaluating treatment regimens and in educating patients, families, and health care personnel involved in the patient's care. Components of education include:

  1. Identifying the needs of the learner.
  2. Analyzing the learner's current level of knowledge.
  3. Determining what needs to be learned and stating that information to the learner.
  4. Relaying the purpose for learning to the individual.
  5. Reviewing the learner's previous knowledge related to the content.
  6. Presenting the material at a level appropriate to the learner verbally and by demonstration.
  7. Providing the learner an opportunity to practice the material presented.
  8. Analyzing the learner's knowledge, and providing feedback to the learner.
  9. Augmenting the material as indicated by the learner's performance.
  10. Relating the information to practical situations relevant to the learner

II. Function appropriately in interpersonal relationships by exhibiting use of good judgment, empathy, reliability, and emotional stability; must possess the abilities to practice appropriately in stressful situations and to work acceptably with others in order to:

A. interact with patients and families in a manner which provides the desired psychosocial support by:

  1. Recognizing his/her own reaction to illness and disability.
  2. Recognizing patients' and families' reactions to illness and disability.
  3. Respecting individual, cultural, religious, and socioeconomic differences in people.
  4. Utilizing appropriate communicative processes, including:
    a. Presenting and interpreting facial expressions and body language.
    b. Monitoring voice intonation and enunciation.
    c. Accepting and providing constructive criticism.

B. Demonstrate safe, ethical, and legal practice as stated by the profession.

C. Engage the greatest possible degree of patient motivation and cooperation in evaluation and treatment.

D. Function effectively with other health care practitioners in providing appropriate patient care and in improving the quality of patient care.

E. Respond to ideas and techniques that might be more appropriate, effective, or safe.

III. Communicate effectively with patients, their families, and health care practitioners in order to:

A. Instruct, confer, and integrate appropriate patient treatment with other aspects of patient care.

B. Stimulate motivation and cooperation in treatment, and assist in the alleviation of anxiety.

C. Teach patients and their families procedures necessary for continued care.

D. Participate in the planning, organization, and control of a physical therapy service.

IV. Function appropriately in professional practice in order to:

A. Review and evaluate patient needs; specify which definitive physical therapy procedures are indicated by administering and analyzing the results of tests, measurements, and evaluations, including: gait analysis, vital signs, strength, coordination, joint range, and capsule integrity.

B. Plan and prepare treatment programs that:

  1. Include realistic goals in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, physical and psychosocial status, and anticipated lifestyle of the patient.
  2. Include effective treatment methods that provide a high probability of achieving treatment goals.
  3. Are within resource constraints.
  4. Provide for periodic revision according to changes in the patient's physiological state.
  5. Contain specificity and comprehensiveness appropriate to the level of personnel who will execute the plan.
  6. Are adequately documented

C. properly administer and/or modify physical therapy treatments in order for patients to safely perform functional activities.

The director of the Division of Physical Therapy welcomes questions or inquiries from individuals with disabilities regarding the standards and their application to each individual's unique situation. In each case, a determination will be made as to whether the individual is qualified for admission to the program and if reasonable accommodations can be made. While the Division of Physical Therapy is prohibited by federal law from making inquiries about specific disabilities prior to admission, applicants who are selected for admission must be prepared to meet the performance standards in order to complete the program.

Degree Requirements

Students must complete a residency of eight semesters of academic study, including twenty-four weeks of full-time clinical education. Throughout the program, the student devotes a minimum of thirty hours each week to classroom, laboratory, and clinical activities. Students are advised against employment during enrollment.

Students must successfully complete all courses in sequence. Satisfactory performance includes completion of one hundred and ten semester hours with an overall average of B or above (a grade of B or above must be earned in all courses); successful completion of each clinical assignment with a grade of B or above; and recommendation for continuation each semester by the academic affairs committee.

MASTER OF PHYSICAL THERAPY COURSES

510a. Health Services Management I
Spring. Credit, two hours.
Problems and characteristics of the health care system as an organization; sociology of organizations and socioeconomic aspects of private, state, government, and community agencies providing physical therapy services; physical therapy professional history, licensure, and ethics and related responsibilities to the client and professional colleagues; current professional issues and roles of the therapist as clinician, teacher, administrator, researcher, and consultant within these agencies and through the life cycle of the client..

510b. Health Services Management II
Summer. Credit, two hours.
Patient flow through the system; present and alternative mechanisms for financing and delivering health care; health maintenance and disease prevention; legislative impact on health and the profession of physical therapy; methods for evaluating quality of care; evolving concepts of the health care team and the role of the consumer.

510c. Health Services Management III
Fall. Credit, two hours.
Problems and methods of planning, implementing, and evaluating physical therapy administration in various clinical settings. Basic management theory, departmental planning and decision making, cost accounting, medical/legal considerations, personnel practices, and peer review.

520a. Clinical Science I
Summer. Credit, nine hours.
Twenty-four weeks of full-time supervised clinical experience in a variety of clinical settings. Student assignment to specific facilities is negotiated on the basis of facility availability and student interest.

520b. Clinical Science II
Fall. Credit, twelve hours.
Continuation of full-time supervised clinical experience.

530a. Clinical Measures I
Fall. Credit, four hours.
Development of skill in the interpersonal process. Interpersonal relations and communication processes important in implementing other process skills; self-awareness of attitudes toward disease and disability; development of skills in problem solving and teaching/learning; problem solving and teaching/learning processes as basis for determining and implementing appropriate evaluative and therapeutic measures.

530b. Clinical Measures II
Spring. Credit, five hours.
Introduction to evaluative techniques for assessing movement dysfunction.

530c. Clinical Measures III
Summer. Credit, five hours.
Physical therapy evaluation and treatment of various disorders affecting movement concurrently being studied in 543 (Analysis of Dysfunction). Includes weekly clinical experience in physical therapy management of patients with disorders being studied.

530d. Clinical Measures IV
Fall. Credit, five hours.
Continuation of 530c.

530e. Clinical Measures V
Spring. Credit, five hours.
Continuation of 530d.

540a. Dynamics of Human Movement I
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Identification of anatomical characteristics of the musculoskeletal systems of the body; introduction to biomechanical principles of human movement; analysis of dynamic posture, gait, and exercise.

540b. Dynamics of Human Movement II
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Continuation of 540a.

541a. Growth Process I
Fall. Credit, three hours.
Characteristics and problems of the developing human from the prenatal stage through old age. Concepts, sequence, effects, and interactions of perceptual-motor, cognitive, and psychosocial influences on the developing human. The processes of individual and family reactions to stresses of disease, disability, death, and dying are emphasized.

541b. Growth Process II
Spring. Credit, two hours..
Continuation of 541a.

542. Neuroscience
Fall. Credit, five hours..
Structure and function of the human nervous system, with emphasis on central mechanisms. Characteristics and problems associated with normal and abnormal sensory motor integration, central organization, and receptor mechanisms.

543a. Analysis of Dysfunction I
Summer. Credit, five hours.
Seminars and rounds with various health professionals in the study of pathophysiology and disease entities and related medical, surgical, pharmacologic management, including clinical problem solving in the integration of medical and physical therapy management of disorders associated with specific symptoms.

543b. Analysis of Dysfunction II
Fall. Credit, five hours..
Continuation of 543a.

543c. Analysis of Dysfunction III
Spring. Credit, five hours.
Continuation of 543b.

544a. Physiologic Basis of Physical Therapy I
Fall. Credit, five hours.
An integrative approach to the study of health and disease. Identification of the physiological characteristics of the nervous, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, excretory, digestive, and reproductive systems of the body.

544b. Physiologic Basis of Physical Therapy II
Spring. Credit, two hours..
Continuation of 544a.

550a. Clinical Research I
Summer. Credit, three hours.
Use of fundamental concepts of the inquiry process in the critical analysis of reports of research and clinical techniques.

550b. Clinical Research II
Fall. Credit, two hours.
Development of a research proposal in an area of interest to the student and related to ongoing departmental research and to current professional practice.

550c. Clinical Research III
Spring. Credit, two hours.
Continuation of 550b; proposal development.

550d. Clinical Research IV
Summer. Credit, three hours. Additional hours with consent.
Continuation of 550b. Implementation of the research proposal including data collection.

550e. Clinical Research V
Spring. Credit, four hours.
Continuation of 550d. Emphasis on data analysis and on reporting the research orally and in journal article format.

590R. Integration Seminar
TBA. Credit, one hour.
Seminars designed to integrate didactic knowledge gained from both courses/semesters and patient presentations with clinical problems.

Electives

Advanced electives are chosen from courses offered within the university. These elective courses are taken in the final semester of study.

638a. Advanced Analysis of Dysfunction I
Spring. Credit, three hours..
Study of genetics and related changes associated with developmental disorders. Current research methods and findings are considered. Emphasis on pediatric/neurologicmusculoskeletal problems.

638b. Advanced Analysis of Dysfunction II
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Readings and discussion on motor learning and motor control theory and research. Impact of theory on practice of pediatric physical therapy. Application of theory occurs through preparation/consideration of case reports, assessments, and physical therapy management for children with neuromotor and orthopedic disorders.

639a. Advanced Analysis of Dysfunction I
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Study of pathophysiology and related changes associated with neuromusculoskeletal disorders, focusing on extremity dysfunction. Recent clinical and research findings related to medical, surgical, and pharmacologic management are considered from perspectives of prevention, therapy, and palliation. Emphasis is on orthopedic problems.

639b. Advanced Analysis of Dysfunction II
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Study of pathophysiology and related changes associated with neuromusculoskeletal disorders resulting in spinal dysfunction and related physical therapy management, including evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Seminars and laboratories promote development of skill in differentiating musculoskeletal dysfunctions/disorders through use of physical therapy evaluation techniques. Treatment concepts and techniques (e.g., joint mobilization and stabilization) are discussed and practiced in the context of clinical problems. Specific techniques in manual therapy are included in the course.

641a. Advanced Clinical Measures I
Spring. Credit, three hours. Prerequisite 639a.
Clinical case management of problems of extremity dysfunction, including evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Seminars and laboratories promote development of skill in differentiating musculoskeletal, neurologic, and/or pediatric disorders/dysfunction through physical therapy evaluation techniques. Treatment concepts and techniques (e.g. joint mobilization and stabilization) are discussed and practiced.

644. Advanced Dynamics of Human Movement
Spring. Credit, three hours.
Reading, discussion, and cadaver dissection work as a means of identifying anatomical and physiological characteristics of the neuromusculoskeletal system. In-depth analysis of spinal, peripheral joint, and soft tissue structure and function is included..

669r. Preceptorship
Each semester. Credit, two hours. Consent of instructor required.
Supervised experience in laboratory and seminar instruction in an entry-level physical therapy curriculum.

IBS 708. Biology of Movement Control
Spring. Credit, three hours. Consent of instructor and background in neuroscience required. Readings, discussion, and laboratories in the study of movement science. Content includes current issues of peripheral elements necessary for movement (i.e., muscle and joint biomechanics) and progresses to central nervous system areas; circuitry for control of peripheral elements; and theories of motor control, motor pattern generation, and motor learning.

680. Topics in Physiology
TBA. Credit, two hours. Reading and discussion of current concepts and research in neurophysiology/physiology. Specific topics are based on the student's interests.

697r. Directed Study
Each semester. Credit, variable. Consent of instructor required.
Individualized study designed by student and faculty adviser; specialized learning experiences related to student's interests not available through formal course offerings.

698r. Readings in Physical Therapy
Spring. Credit, variable. Consent of instructor required.
In-depth review, critique, and synthesis of current literature in physical therapy, education, research, and clinical specialty practice. Specific topics are based on the student's interests.

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